Select (transact-sql)
Содержание:
- SQL Инструкция CREATE VIEW
- SORT operator
- Syntax and Parameters of SQL ORDER BY
- Example — Sorting Results in descending order
- SQL Учебник
- Demo Table: Employees
- SQL References
- Introduction to SQL ORDER BY clause
- Таблица базы данных
- Using ASC and DESC Attributes
- MySQL ORDER BY examples
- Introduction to Oracle ORDER BY clause
- Example: Sort by ordinal positions of columns
- MySQL ORDER BY Descending
- SQL Учебник
- SQL Учебник
- SQL Справочник
SQL Инструкция CREATE VIEW
В SQL представление — это виртуальная таблица, основанная на результирующем наборе инструкции SQL.
Представление содержит строки и столбцы, как и настоящая таблица. Поля в представлении — это поля из одной или нескольких реальных таблиц в базе данных.
Вы можете добавить в представление инструкции SQL функций, WHERE и JOIN и представить данные так, как если бы они поступали из одной таблицы.
Синтаксис CREATE VIEW
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column1, column2, …
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Примечание: В представлении всегда отображаются актуальные данные!
Компонент database engine воссоздает данные, используя инструкцию SQL представления, каждый раз, когда пользователь запрашивает представление.
SORT operator
The task of the sort operator is to put in order the received input data. The following query will retrieve data from the SalesOrderDetail table and the ORDER BY statement provides that the result set will return in ascending order according to the ModifiedDate column.
|
1 |
SELECTCarrierTrackingNumber FROMSales.SalesOrderDetail ORDERBYModifiedDateASC |
When we check the query plan after the execution of the query, we will see that the storage engine reads the data by way of the clustered index scan operator. As a second step, the sort operator takes 121.317 rows as input and sorts them in ascending order.
Now, let’s take a new example query. This query will use an enlarging copy of the Adventureworks database and it will sort approximately 453.341 rows.
|
1 |
SELECTCreditCardApprovalCode,AccountNumber FROMSales.SalesOrderHeaderEnlarged WHERE DueDate>’20150601′ ORDERBYDueDateASC |
In the compilation phase of the query plan, the query optimizer calculates the memory requirement of the query based
on the estimated number of rows and row sizes, and this memory requirement is called a memory grant or query work
buffer. For some reasons (outdated statistics, wrong cardinality estimation, parameter sniffing, badly defined data
types) the memory grant might be calculated as wrong.
In the execution plan, we see a warning sign on the sort operator which means that the memory grant is not enough
for the sort operation and the query required more memory to perform the sort operation. In this circumstance,
during the execution of the query, the sort operator uses the tempdb database to meet the memory deficit. When we
analyze the sort operator properties, we can find out more detailed information about the tempdb spill issue.
The sort operator uses 45 MB memory but this memory amount is not enough to perform sorting all rows, for this
reason, sort operator used the tempdb database. During the execution of a query, the memory grant can not be changed
dynamically and insufficient memory grant estimations cause this type of issue.
Tip: Row Mode Memory Grant Feedback
feature in SQL Server 2019 helps to overcome this problem without any code changing. The main idea of this feature
is to adjust the memory grant requirement of a query to use the last execution memory grant information. With the
help of this feature, we can assume that several executions of the query the memory grant must be adjusted. The
below image illustrates memory grant changings after the four execution of the query. In the last execution of the
query, the optimizer has decided to find the proper memory grant amount for this query
At the same time, the following options can consider overcoming the tempdb spill issue:
- Creating an index that tunes the ORDER BY statement performance
- Using the MIN_GRANT_PERCENT query option
- Update the outdated statistics
Syntax and Parameters of SQL ORDER BY
The syntax of the Oracle SQL ORDER BY clause is:
In this clause:
- column_name is one of the columns in your SELECT clause or in your table that you want to order by.
- column_position is a number that refers to the position of a column in your SELECT statement.
- expression is a valid SQL expression that you want to order your results by
- ASC or DESC can be used to specify the order of the data. ASC is ascending, and DESC is descending. This is optional, and if it is not provided, the default sort order is ASC.
- NULLS FIRST or NULLS LAST can be used to specify how NULL values are sorted. NULLS FIRST means that NULL values are shown at the top of the list, and NULLS LAST means that NULL values are shown at the bottom of the list. The default treatment if this is not specified is NULLS FIRST if the sort is DESC, or NULLS LAST if the sort is ASC or not specified.
Also, the column that you order by does not need to exist in the SELECT clause. So you don’t need to see the column in your results to use it in the ORDER BY.
Example — Sorting Results in descending order
When sorting your result set in descending order, you use the DESC attribute in your ORDER BY clause. Let’s take a closer look.
In this example, we have a table called suppliers with the following data:
| supplier_id | supplier_name | city | state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | Microsoft | Redmond | Washington |
| 200 | Mountain View | California | |
| 300 | Oracle | Redwood City | California |
| 400 | Kimberly-Clark | Irving | Texas |
| 500 | Tyson Foods | Springdale | Arkansas |
| 600 | SC Johnson | Racine | Wisconsin |
| 700 | Dole Food Company | Westlake Village | California |
| 800 | Flowers Foods | Thomasville | Georgia |
| 900 | Electronic Arts | Redwood City | California |
Enter the following SQL statement:
Try It
SELECT * FROM suppliers WHERE supplier_id > 400 ORDER BY supplier_id DESC;
There will be 5 records selected. These are the results that you should see:
| supplier_id | supplier_name | city | state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 900 | Electronic Arts | Redwood City | California |
| 800 | Flowers Foods | Thomasville | Georgia |
| 700 | Dole Food Company | Westlake Village | California |
| 600 | SC Johnson | Racine | Wisconsin |
| 500 | Tyson Foods | Springdale | Arkansas |
SQL Учебник
SQL ГлавнаяSQL ВведениеSQL СинтаксисSQL SELECTSQL SELECT DISTINCTSQL WHERESQL AND, OR, NOTSQL ORDER BYSQL INSERT INTOSQL Значение NullSQL Инструкция UPDATESQL Инструкция DELETESQL SELECT TOPSQL MIN() и MAX()SQL COUNT(), AVG() и …SQL Оператор LIKESQL ПодстановочныйSQL Оператор INSQL Оператор BETWEENSQL ПсевдонимыSQL JOINSQL JOIN ВнутриSQL JOIN СлеваSQL JOIN СправаSQL JOIN ПолноеSQL JOIN СамSQL Оператор UNIONSQL GROUP BYSQL HAVINGSQL Оператор ExistsSQL Операторы Any, AllSQL SELECT INTOSQL INSERT INTO SELECTSQL Инструкция CASESQL Функции NULLSQL ХранимаяSQL Комментарии
Demo Table: Employees
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID INT,
EmployeeName VARCHAR(70),
FatherName VARCHAR(70),
City VARCHAR(70),
Country VARCHAR(70),
PostalCode INT,
Salary INT
)
|
1 |
CREATETABLEEmployees( EmployeeIDINT, EmployeeNameVARCHAR(70), FatherNameVARCHAR(70), CityVARCHAR(70), CountryVARCHAR(70), PostalCodeINT, SalaryINT ) |
| EmployeeID | EmployeeName | FatherName | City | Country | PostalCode | Salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | Leo Jason | Thomas sawyer | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 237645 | 350000 |
| 102 | Nathan Miles | Asher Kayden | Bangkok | Thailand | 763423 | 450000 |
| 103 | Ryan parker | Caleb Everett | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 130978 | 550000 |
| 104 | Andrew Bryson | Theodore Axel | New York City | USA | 116534 | 450000 |
| 105 | Christopher Leonardo | Joshua Jameson | Shenzhen | China | 121345 | 760000 |
| 106 | Jaxon Jose | Lincoln Jace | Paris | France | 987688 | 678000 |
| 107 | Anthony Xavier | Mateo Ezekiel | Antalya | Turkey | 10342 | 532000 |
| 108 | Gabriel Roman | Julian Evan | Istanbul | Turkey | 881122 | 883400 |
| 109 | Grayson Jordan | Dylan Santiago | Dubai | UAE | 800907 | 9567404 |
| 110 | Jack Adam | Luke Austin | Rome | Italy | 876590 | 7689490 |
| 111 | John Greyson | Owen Dominic | Guangzhou | China | 793456 | 778690 |
| 112 | Sebastian Colton | Jackson Elias | Mecca | Saudi Arabia | 698711 | 888534 |
| 113 | Henry Easton | Daniel Jeremiah | Brussels | Belgium | 239067 | 7785690 |
| 114 | Michael Nolan | Jacob Jonathan | Prague | Czech Republic | 654567 | 765900 |
| 115 | Ethan Adrian | Alexander Landon | Amsterdam | Netherlands | 112389 | 9123670 |
| 116 | Logan Aaron | Mason Ezra | Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | 390875 | 5567800 |
| 117 | Elijah Connor | Lucas Eli | Orlando | USA | 412345 | 6753490 |
| 118 | Benjamin Hunter | Oliver Christian | Buenos Aires | Argentina | 321245 | 7893451 |
| 119 | William Josiah | James Hudson | Mexico City | Mexico | 213908 | 8099900 |
| 120 | Noah Charles | Liam Isaiah | Johannesburg | South Africa | 264578 | 4569956 |
SQL References
SQL Keywords
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ALL
AND
ANY
AS
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Val
Date Functions
Date
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Day
Format
Hour
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Now
Second
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TimeSerial
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Weekday
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Other Functions
CurrentUser
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SQL Quick Ref
Introduction to SQL ORDER BY clause
To sort a result set returned by a SELECT statement, you use the clause. The following query illustrates how to use the clause in a statement:
The clause allows you to sort the result set by a column or an expression with a condition that the value in the column or the returned value of the expression must be sortable i.e., the data type of the result must be the character, numeric or date-time.
To sort a result set in ascending order, you use keyword, and in descending order, you use the keyword. If you don’t specify any keyword explicitly, the clause sorts the result set in ascending order by default.
To sort multiple columns, you just need to specify additional columns in the clause. You can sort by one column in ascending order and another column in descending order.
Таблица базы данных
База данных чаще всего содержит одну или несколько таблиц.
Каждая таблица идентифицируется по имени (например, «клиенты» или «заказы»).
Таблицы содержат записи (строки) с данными.
В этом уроке мы будем использовать хорошо известный образец базы данных Northwind (входит в MS Access и MS SQL Server).
Ниже приведен выбор из таблицы «клиенты»:
| CustomerID | CustomerName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alfreds Futterkiste | Maria Anders | Obere Str. 57 | Berlin | 12209 | Germany |
| 2 | Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados | Ana Trujillo | Avda. de la Constitución 2222 | México D.F. | 05021 | Mexico |
| 3 | Antonio Moreno Taquería | Antonio Moreno | Mataderos 2312 | México D.F. | 05023 | Mexico |
| 4 | Around the Horn | Thomas Hardy | 120 Hanover Sq. | London | WA1 1DP | UK |
| 5 | Berglunds snabbköp | Christina Berglund | Berguvsvägen 8 | Luleå | S-958 22 | Sweden |
Приведенная выше таблица содержит пять записей (по одной для каждого клиента)
и семь столбцов (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode и Country).
Using ASC and DESC Attributes
When sorting a result set using ORDER BY SQL sentence you can use ASC and DESC attributes in one SELECT statement.In this example, let’s use the same table of products as in the previous example.
| prod_id | prod_name | cat_id |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pear | 50 |
| 2 | Banana | 50 |
| 3 | Orange | 50 |
| 4 | Apple | 50 |
| 5 | Bread | 75 |
| 6 | Sliced Ham | 25 |
| 7 | Kleenex | NULL |
Now enter the following SQL statement:
Six records will be selected. Here are the results that you should get.
| prod_id | prod_name | cat_id |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | Bread | 75 |
| 4 | Apple | 50 |
| 2 | Banana | 50 |
| 3 | Orange | 50 |
| 1 | Pear | 50 |
| 6 | Sliced Ham | 25 |
In this example, the records are returned sorted by the cat_id field in descending order and the secondary sorting by the prod_name field in ascending order.
Examples:
All examples will be on this table unless otherwise stated:
| id | name | age | salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Justin | 23 | 400 |
| 2 | Selena | 25 | 500 |
| 3 | Mila | 23 | 500 |
| 4 | Tom | 30 | 1000 |
| 5 | Johnny | 27 | 500 |
| 6 | Russell | 28 | 1000 |
Example №1
Let’s get all the records from the table and sort them by age:
The SQL query will select the strings in the following order:
| f_id | f_name | f_age | f_salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Justin | 23 | 400 |
| 3 | Mila | 23 | 500 |
| 2 | Selena | 25 | 500 |
| 5 | Johnny | 27 | 500 |
| 6 | Russell | 28 | 1000 |
| 4 | Tom | 30 | 1000 |
Since all records are selected, the WHERE block may not be specified:
You can also specify the sort type explicitly – ASC – the result will not change:
Example №2
Let’s now sort the records by decreasing age:
The SQL query will select the strings in the following order:
| f_id | f_name | f_age | f_sal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Tom | 30 | 1000 |
| 6 | Russell | 28 | 1000 |
| 5 | Johnny | 27 | 500 |
| 2 | Selena | 25 | 500 |
| 1 | Justin | 23 | 400 |
| 3 | Mila | 23 | 500 |
Example №3
Let’s now sort the records by age and wage at the same time.
The records will be sorted by age first, and those records, where the age is the same (in our case – 23), will be located in the descending wages:
The SQL query will select the strings in the following order:
| f_id | f_name | f_age | f_sal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Mila | 23 | 500 |
| 1 | Justin | 23 | 400 |
| 2 | Selena | 25 | 500 |
| 5 | Johnny | 27 | 500 |
| 6 | Russell | 28 | 1000 |
| 4 | Tom | 30 | 1000 |
Example №4
Under the same conditions (i.e. first sorting by f_age), let us sort by salary increase.
Now the first and second entries will be swapped so that first the f_sal is lower and then the f_sal is higher:
The SQL query will select the strings in the following order:
| f_id | f_name | f_age | f_sal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Justin | 23 | 400 |
| 3 | Mila | 23 | 500 |
| 2 | Selena | 25 | 500 |
| 5 | Johnny | 27 | 500 |
| 6 | Russell | 28 | 1000 |
| 4 | Tom | 30 | 1000 |
MySQL ORDER BY examples
We’ll use the table from the sample database for the demonstration.
A) Using MySQL ORDER BY clause to sort the result set by one column example
The following query uses the clause to sort the customers by their last names in ascending order.
Output:
If you want to sort customers by the last name in descending order, you use the after the column in the clause as shown in the following query:
Ouptut:
B) Using MySQL ORDER BY clause to sort the result set by multiple columns example
If you want to sort the customers by the last name in descending order and then by the first name in ascending order, you specify both and in these respective columns as follows:
Output:
In this example, the clause sorts the result set by the last name in descending order first and then sorts the sorted result set by the first name in ascending order to make the final result set.
C) Using MySQL ORDER BY clause to sort a result set by an expression example
See the following table from the sample database.
The following query selects the order line items from the table. It calculates the subtotal for each line item and sorts the result set based on the subtotal.
To make the query more readable, you can assign the expression in the clause a column alias and use that column alias in the clause as shown in the following query:
In this example, we use as the column alias for the expression and sort the result set by the alias.
Since MySQL evaluates the clause before the clause, you can use the column alias specified in the clause in the clause.
Introduction to Oracle ORDER BY clause
In Oracle, a table stores its rows in unspecified order regardless of the order which rows were inserted into the database. To query rows in either ascending or descending order by a column, you must explicitly instruct Oracle Database that you want to do so.
For example, you may want to list all customers the by their names alphabetically or display all customers in order of lowest to highest credit limits.
To sort data, you add the clause to the statement as follows:
To sort the result set by a column, you list that column after the clause.
Following the column name is a sort order that can be:
- for sorting in ascending order
- for sorting in descending order
By default, the clause sorts rows in ascending order whether you specify or not. If you want to sort rows in descending order, you use explicitly.
places NULL values before non-NULL values and puts the NULL values after non-NULL values.
The clause allows you to sort data by multiple columns where each column may have different sort orders.
Note that the clause is always the last clause in a statement.
Example: Sort by ordinal positions of columns
The SQL Server allows you to sort the result set based on the ordinal positions of columns that appear in the select list.
There is the following statement sorts the Employee by EmployeeName and FatherName. But instead of specifying the column names explicitly, furthermore, it will use the ordinal positions of the columns:
SELECT
EmployeeName,
FatherName
FROM
Employees
ORDER BY
1,
2;
|
1 |
SELECT EmployeeName, FatherName Employees ORDERBY 1, 2; |
Output:
In this above example, 1 (First) means the column and 2 (Second) means the .
Therefore, Using the ordinal positions of columns in the clause, which is considered a bad programming practice or exercise for a couple of reasons. First, the columns in a table don’t have ordinal positions and need to be referenced by the name. Second, when you modify the select list, you may forget to make the corresponding changes in the SQL ORDER BY clause.
Example
Question 1: Arrange in alphabetical order
SELECT CompanyName, ContactName, City, Country
FROM Supplier
ORDER BY CompanyName
|
1 |
SELECTCompanyName,ContactName,City,Country FROMSupplier ORDERBYCompanyName |
| Supplier |
|---|
| CompanyName |
| ContactName |
| City |
| Country |
Demo table
| Id | CompanyName | ContactName | City | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Amdocs Pvt. Ltd | Cheryl Saylor | Delhi | India |
| 131 | Ascon Group | Dolly Ben | New Delhi | India |
| 101 | Lalit Pvt.Ltd | Nitin Shukla | Lucknow | India |
| 231 | Singsymsis Pvt.Ltd | Aditya Shukla | Kanpur | India |
Question 2: SQL Case statement For Order By clause with Desc/Asc sort
SELECT
*
FROM
TableName
WHERE
ORDER BY
CASE @OrderByColumn WHEN 1 THEN Forename END DESC, Date,
CASE @OrderByColumn WHEN 2 THEN Surname END ASC
|
1 |
SELECT TableName WHERE ORDER BY CASE@OrderByColumn WHEN1THENForename ENDDESC,Date, CASE@OrderByColumn WHEN2THENSurname ENDASC |
Resource
Conclusion
In this article, you have learned how to use the SQL ORDER BY clause to sort a result set by columns in descending or ascending order and with the different types of ORDER BY Clause example. I hope you will enjoy it!
MySQL ORDER BY Descending
To sort data in Descending order, use Order By statement followed by the DESC keyword. The following are the list of ways we can sort data in Descending order.
For example, If you are searching for shoes on Amazon. If you type shoe in the search bar, it displays shoes by Rating. It means, Shoes are sorted as per the Rating. Technically,
MySQL Sort in Descending Order Example
In this MySQL Order By Desc example, we are going to sort customer’s data in Descending Order using the Sales column.
From the above screenshot, you can see data sorted by Sales in Descending order.
MySQL Order By Multiple Columns in Descending Order
In this order by DESC example, we are sorting the Data using multiple columns. First, data sorted by Education in Descending Order and then sorted by Yearly Income in Descending Order.
Sort in Descending Order using Alias Column
In this MySQL Order By Desc example, We are going to sort the table Data in Descending Order using the Alias Column Name.
We added 12500 to each yearly income column and used Alias to assign a New Income name. Next, we used the Alias name in the Order By clause. It means, Data sort by New Income in Descending Order.
SQL Учебник
SQL ГлавнаяSQL ВведениеSQL СинтаксисSQL SELECTSQL SELECT DISTINCTSQL WHERESQL AND, OR, NOTSQL ORDER BYSQL INSERT INTOSQL Значение NullSQL Инструкция UPDATESQL Инструкция DELETESQL SELECT TOPSQL MIN() и MAX()SQL COUNT(), AVG() и …SQL Оператор LIKESQL ПодстановочныйSQL Оператор INSQL Оператор BETWEENSQL ПсевдонимыSQL JOINSQL JOIN ВнутриSQL JOIN СлеваSQL JOIN СправаSQL JOIN ПолноеSQL JOIN СамSQL Оператор UNIONSQL GROUP BYSQL HAVINGSQL Оператор ExistsSQL Операторы Any, AllSQL SELECT INTOSQL INSERT INTO SELECTSQL Инструкция CASESQL Функции NULLSQL ХранимаяSQL Комментарии
SQL Учебник
SQL ГлавнаяSQL ВведениеSQL СинтаксисSQL SELECTSQL SELECT DISTINCTSQL WHERESQL AND, OR, NOTSQL ORDER BYSQL INSERT INTOSQL Значение NullSQL Инструкция UPDATESQL Инструкция DELETESQL SELECT TOPSQL MIN() и MAX()SQL COUNT(), AVG() и …SQL Оператор LIKESQL ПодстановочныйSQL Оператор INSQL Оператор BETWEENSQL ПсевдонимыSQL JOINSQL JOIN ВнутриSQL JOIN СлеваSQL JOIN СправаSQL JOIN ПолноеSQL JOIN СамSQL Оператор UNIONSQL GROUP BYSQL HAVINGSQL Оператор ExistsSQL Операторы Any, AllSQL SELECT INTOSQL INSERT INTO SELECTSQL Инструкция CASESQL Функции NULLSQL ХранимаяSQL Комментарии
SQL Справочник
SQL Ключевые слова
ADD
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ALTER COLUMN
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ALL
AND
ANY
AS
ASC
BACKUP DATABASE
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CASE
CHECK
COLUMN
CONSTRAINT
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CREATE DATABASE
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CREATE TABLE
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
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JOIN
LEFT JOIN
LIKE
LIMIT
NOT
NOT NULL
OR
ORDER BY
OUTER JOIN
PRIMARY KEY
PROCEDURE
RIGHT JOIN
ROWNUM
SELECT
SELECT DISTINCT
SELECT INTO
SELECT TOP
SET
TABLE
TOP
TRUNCATE TABLE
UNION
UNION ALL
UNIQUE
UPDATE
VALUES
VIEW
WHERE
MySQL Функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR_LENGTH
CHARACTER_LENGTH
CONCAT
CONCAT_WS
FIELD
FIND_IN_SET
FORMAT
INSERT
INSTR
LCASE
LEFT
LENGTH
LOCATE
LOWER
LPAD
LTRIM
MID
POSITION
REPEAT
REPLACE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RPAD
RTRIM
SPACE
STRCMP
SUBSTR
SUBSTRING
SUBSTRING_INDEX
TRIM
UCASE
UPPER
Функции чисел
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATAN2
AVG
CEIL
CEILING
COS
COT
COUNT
DEGREES
DIV
EXP
FLOOR
GREATEST
LEAST
LN
LOG
LOG10
LOG2
MAX
MIN
MOD
PI
POW
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SUM
TAN
TRUNCATE
Функции дат
ADDDATE
ADDTIME
CURDATE
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURTIME
DATE
DATEDIFF
DATE_ADD
DATE_FORMAT
DATE_SUB
DAY
DAYNAME
DAYOFMONTH
DAYOFWEEK
DAYOFYEAR
EXTRACT
FROM_DAYS
HOUR
LAST_DAY
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
MAKEDATE
MAKETIME
MICROSECOND
MINUTE
MONTH
MONTHNAME
NOW
PERIOD_ADD
PERIOD_DIFF
QUARTER
SECOND
SEC_TO_TIME
STR_TO_DATE
SUBDATE
SUBTIME
SYSDATE
TIME
TIME_FORMAT
TIME_TO_SEC
TIMEDIFF
TIMESTAMP
TO_DAYS
WEEK
WEEKDAY
WEEKOFYEAR
YEAR
YEARWEEK
Функции расширений
BIN
BINARY
CASE
CAST
COALESCE
CONNECTION_ID
CONV
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE
IF
IFNULL
ISNULL
LAST_INSERT_ID
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SYSTEM_USER
USER
VERSION
SQL Server функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR
CHARINDEX
CONCAT
Concat with +
CONCAT_WS
DATALENGTH
DIFFERENCE
FORMAT
LEFT
LEN
LOWER
LTRIM
NCHAR
PATINDEX
QUOTENAME
REPLACE
REPLICATE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RTRIM
SOUNDEX
SPACE
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
TRANSLATE
TRIM
UNICODE
UPPER
Функции чисел
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
CEILING
COUNT
COS
COT
DEGREES
EXP
FLOOR
LOG
LOG10
MAX
MIN
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SQUARE
SUM
TAN
Функции дат
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATEFROMPARTS
DATENAME
DATEPART
DAY
GETDATE
GETUTCDATE
ISDATE
MONTH
SYSDATETIME
YEAR
Функции расширений
CAST
COALESCE
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
IIF
ISNULL
ISNUMERIC
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SESSIONPROPERTY
SYSTEM_USER
USER_NAME
MS Access функции
Функции строк
Asc
Chr
Concat with &
CurDir
Format
InStr
InstrRev
LCase
Left
Len
LTrim
Mid
Replace
Right
RTrim
Space
Split
Str
StrComp
StrConv
StrReverse
Trim
UCase
Функции чисел
Abs
Atn
Avg
Cos
Count
Exp
Fix
Format
Int
Max
Min
Randomize
Rnd
Round
Sgn
Sqr
Sum
Val
Функции дат
Date
DateAdd
DateDiff
DatePart
DateSerial
DateValue
Day
Format
Hour
Minute
Month
MonthName
Now
Second
Time
TimeSerial
TimeValue
Weekday
WeekdayName
Year
Другие функции
CurrentUser
Environ
IsDate
IsNull
IsNumeric
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